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[1] ¡°Blues is for singing,¡± writes folk musicologist Paul Oliver, and ¡°is not a form of folk song that stands up particularly well when written down.¡± A poet who wants to write blues can attempt to avoid this problem by poeticizing the form-but literary blues tend to read like bad poetry rather than like refined folk song. For Oliver, the true spirit of the blues inevitably eludes the self-conscious imitator. However, Langston Hughes, the first writer to grapple with these difficulties of blue poetry, in fact succeeded in producing poems that capture the quality of genuine, performed blues while remaining effective as poems. In inventing blues poetry, Hughes solved two problems: first, how to write blues lyrics in such a way that they work on the printed page, and second, how to exploit the blues form poetically without losing all sense of authenticity.
¡¡¡¡There are many styles of blues, but the distinction of importance to Hughes is between the genres referred to as ¡°folk blues¡± and ¡°classic blues.¡± Folk blues and classic blues are distinguished from one another by differences in performers (local talents versus touring professionals), patronage (local community versus mass audience), creation (improvised versus composed), and transmission (oral versus written). It has been a commonplace among critics that Hughes adopted the classic blues as the primary model for his blues poetry, and that he writes his best blues poetry when he tries least to imitate the folk blues. In this view, Hughes¡¯ attempts to imitate the folk blues are too self-conscious, too determined to romanticize the African American experience, too intent on reproducing what he takes to be the quaint humor and naive simplicity of the folk blues to be successful.
ÀüÅë À½¾ÇÇÐ ¿¬±¸°¡ Æú ¿Ã¸®¹ö´Â ¡°ºí·ç½º´Â ³ë·¡Çϱâ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÌÁö ¾²¿©Á³À» ¶§ ƯÈ÷ Àß È¿·ÂÀÌ À¯ÁöµÇ´Â ¹Î¿äÀÇ ÇÑ ÇüŰ¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù¡±¶ó°í Àú¼úÇÑ´Ù. ºí·ç½º¸¦ ÀÛ°îÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÇÏ´Â ½ÃÀÎÀº ±× Çü½ÄÀ» ½Ã·Î ¸¸µêÀ¸·Î½á ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇÇÇÏ·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¹®ÇÐ ºí·ç½º´Â Á¤Á¦µÈ ¹Î¿ä¶ó±â º¸´Ù´Â ³ª»Û ½Ã·Î ÇØ¼®µÉ °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ã¸®¹ö¿¡°Ô ºí·ç½ºÀÇ ÂüµÈ Á¤½ÅÀº ÀÚÀǽÄÀÌ °­ÇÑ ¸ð¹æÀÚ¸¦ ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ºí·ç½º ½ÃÀÇ ÀÌ·± ¾î·Á¿òµéÀ» ÇØ°áÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇÑ Ã¹ ¹øÂ° ÀÛ°¡ÀÎ Langston Hughes´Â ½ÃÀû È¿·ÂÀ» ¿©ÀüÈ÷ °¡Áö¸é¼­µµ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¿¬ÁÖµÈ ÁøÂ¥ ºí·ç½ºÀÇ ÁúÀ» ´ã¾Æ³»´Â ½Ã¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³»´Â µ¥¿¡ ¼º°øÇß´Ù. ºí·ç½º ½Ã¸¦ ¹ß¸íÇϸ鼭, Hughes´Â µÎ °¡Áö ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇߴµ¥, ±× ù ¹øÂ°´Â ºí·ç½º °¡»ç¸¦ ÀÎ¼â ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡ Àû´Â ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¾²´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ̸ç, µÎ ¹øÂ°´Â ºí·ç½º¸¦ ±× ÁøÀ§¸¦ ´Ù ÀÒÁö ¾Ê°í ½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
¸¹Àº ½ºÅ¸ÀÏÀÇ ºí·ç½º°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö¸¸, Hughes¿¡°Ô Áß¿äÇÔÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ´Â ¡°Æ÷Å© ºí·ç½º¡±¿Í ¡°Å¬·¡½Ä ºí·ç½º¡±¶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â À帣 »çÀÌ¿´´Ù. Æ÷Å© ºí·ç½º¿Í Ŭ·¡½Ä ºí·ç½º´Â ¿¬ÁÖ°¡µé(ÇöÁö ÀçÁÖ²Ûµé ´ë ¼øÈ¸ Àü¹®°¡)°ú ÈÄ¿ø(Áö¿ª »çȸ ´ë ÀÏ¹Ý ´ëÁß), Á¦ÀÛ(ÁïÈï ´ë ±¸¼º), ±×¸®°í ÀüÆÄ(±¸µÎ ´ë ¼­¸é)ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ·Î ±¸ºÐÀÌ °£´Ù. Hughes°¡ ±×ÀÇ ºí·ç½º ½ÃÀÇ ÃÖÃÊ ¸ðµ¨·Î Ŭ·¡½Ä ºí·ç½º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇß°í ±×°¡ Æ÷Å© ºí·ç½º¸¦ ¸ð¹æÇÏ·Á°í °¡Àå ³ë·ÂÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§ °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ºí·ç½º ½Ã¸¦ ¾´´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ºñÆò°¡µé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­´Â ÈçÇÑ »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ °ßÇØ·Î ¸»Çϸé, HughesÀÇ Æ÷Å© ºí·ç½º ¸ð¹æ ½Ãµµ´Â ³Ê¹« ÀÚÀǽÄÀÌ °­Çϸç, ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä« °è ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀÇ °æÇèÀ» ±Ù»çÇÏ°Ô ¹¦»çÇÏ·Á°í ³Ê¹« ³ë·ÂÇϰí, ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Æ÷Å© ºí·ç½º°¡ ¼º°øÇϱâ À§ÇÑ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ À¯¸ÓÀÌ°í ¼ø¼öÇÑ ´Ü¼øÇÔÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀçÇöÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡ ³Ê¹« ¿­ÁßÇÑ´Ù.
[2]
Late-eighteenth-century English cultural authorities seemingly concurred that women readers should favor history, seen as edifying, than fiction, which was regarded as frivolous and reductive. Readers of Marry Ann Hanway¡¯s novel Andrew Stewart, or the Northern Wanderer, learning that its heroine delights in David Hume¡¯s and Edward Gibbon¡¯s histories, could conclude that she was more virtuous and intelligent than her sister, who disdains such reading. Likewise, while the naïve, novel-addicted protagonist of Jane Austen¡¯s Northanger Abbey, Catherine Morland, finds history a chore, the sophisticated, sensible character Eleanor Tilney enjoys it more than she does the Gothic fiction Catherine prefers. Yet in both cases, the praise of history is more double-edged than it might actually appear. Many readers have detected a protofeminist critique of history in Catherine¡¯s protest that she dislikes reading books filled with men ¡°and hardly any women at all.¡± Hanway, meanwhile, brings a controversial political edge to her heroine¡¯s reading, listing the era¡¯s two most famous religious skeptics among her preferred authors. While Hume¡¯s history was generally seen as being less objectionable than his philosophy, there were widespread doubts about his moral soundness even as a historian by the time that Hanway was writing, and Gibbon¡¯s perceived tendency to celebrate classical paganism sparked controversy from the first appearance of his history of Rome.
18¼¼±â ÈÄ¹Ý ¿µ±¹ ¹®È­´ç±¹Àº Ç¥¸é»óÀ¸·Î´Â ¿©¼º µ¶ÀÚµéÀÌ ¼Ò¼³Àº ¹Ùº¸ °°°í ȯ¿øÁÖÀÇÀûÀ̶ó°í ¿©°ÜÁö±â¿¡ ±×º¸´Ù´Â ±³È­ÀûÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌ´Â ¿ª»ç¸¦ ¼±È£ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇß´Ù. Marry Ann HanwayÀÇ ¼Ò¼³ÀÎ Andrew Stewart (Northern Wanderer)ÀÇ µ¶ÀÚµéÀº ±× Ã¥ÀÇ ¿©ÁÖÀΰøÀÌ David Hume°ú Edward GibbonÀÇ ¿ª»ç¸¦ Áñ±ä´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý°í´Â ±×·± ±ÛÀ» ¾÷½Å¿©±â´Â ±×³àÀÇ ¿©ÇüÁ¦º¸´Ù ±×³à°¡ ´õ ¿ì¾ÆÇÏ°í ¶È¶ÈÇÏ´Ù´Â °á·ÐÀ» ³»¸± ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í ºñ½ÁÇϰÔ, Jane AustenÀÇ Northanger Abbey¿¡¼­ ÁÖÀΰøÀ¸·Î µîÀåÇÏ´Â ¼øÁøÇÑ ¼Ò¼³Áßµ¶ÀÚ Catherine Morland´Â ¿ª»ç¸¦ µûºÐÇÑ ÀÏÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ¹Ý¸é, ±³¾ç ÀÖ°í ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ µîÀå Àι° Eleanor Tilney´Â CatherineÀÌ ¼±È£ÇÏ´Â °íµñ ¼Ò¼³º¸´Ù ¿ª»ç°¡ ´õ Áñ°Ì´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, µÎ °æ¿ì ´Ù ¿ª»ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Âù¹Ì´Â °ÑÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌ´Â °Íº¸´Ù´Â ¿ÀÈ÷·Á µÎ °¡Áö·Î ÇØ¼®µÈ´Ù. ¸¹Àº µ¶ÀÚµéÀº ³²Àڵ鸸 °¡µæÇÏ°í ¡°¿©¼ºÀº °ÅÀÇ Ã£¾Æº¼ ¼ö ¾ø´Â¡± Ã¥À» Àд °ÍÀº ½È´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â CatherineÀÇ ÁÖÀå¿¡¼­ ¿ª»çÀÇ ¿øÁ¶ Æä¹Ì´Ï½ºÆ® Æò·ÐÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆÃ«´Ù. ¹Ý¸é Hanway´Â ³í¶õÀÌ µÉ ¸¸ÇÑ Á¤Ä¡Àû Åë·ÄÇÔÀ» ±×³àÀÇ ¿©ÁÖÀΰøÀÇ µ¶¼­·Î À̲ø¾î³»´Âµ¥, ÀÌ ¶§ ±×³à°¡ ¼±È£ÇÏ´Â ÀÛ°¡µé Áß ´ç´ë °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ Á¾±³ ȸÀÇ·ÐÀÚ µÎ ¸íÀ» ¿­°ÅÇÑ´Ù. º¸Åë HumeÀÇ ¿ª»ç´Â ±×ÀÇ Ã¶Çк¸´Ù´Â ´ú ºÒÄèÇÏ´Ù°í ¿©°ÜÁ³Áö¸¸, ±×°¡ ÁýÇÊÇÒ ¶§±îÁö´Â ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ, ½ÉÁö¾î´Â ¿ª»ç°¡·Î¼­ÀÇ µµ´ö½É¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­´Â ¸¹Àº ÀDZ¸½ÉÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í °íÀüÀû À̱³µµ¸¦ ±â³äÇÑ´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁø GibbonÀÇ ¼ºÇâÀº ±×ÀÇ ·Î¸¶ ¿ª»ç¼­°¡ óÀ½ ³ª¿Â ¶§ºÎÅÍ ³í¶õÀ» ºÒ·¯ ÀÏÀ¸Ä×´Ù.
2017-08-30 16:14:34


       

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